Eight-Week Aerobic Exercise Enhances Physical Fitness and Cardiovascular Health in Female University Students from Non-Sport Majors

Abstract

Physical inactivity among university students, especially those not enrolled in sport-related programs, is an increasing public health concern. While regular aerobic exercise is known to enhance cardiovascular endurance and overall physical fitness, evidence regarding its effects on non-sport female students at Adigrat University, Ethiopia, remains limited. This study examined the effects of an eight-week aerobic exercise program on cardiovascular endurance and physical fitness in female university students from non-sport majors. A quasi-experimental design was employed, involving 40 female students aged 18–24 years. Participants engaged in supervised aerobic sessions three times per week for eight weeks. Pre- and post-intervention assessments included resting heart rate, blood pressure, and standardized physical fitness tests (e.g., VO_₂max estimation, muscular endurance, and flexibility). Data were analyzed using paired t-tests to determine significant changes (p < 0.05). Following the intervention, participants showed significant improvements in cardiovascular and fitness indicators. Mean resting heart rate decreased from 78.5 ± 7.2 bpm to 70.3 ± 6.5 bpm, while systolic and diastolic blood pressure reduced by 6.2 mmHg and 4.8 mmHg, respectively. Physical fitness measures improved notably: VO₂max increased by 12%, muscular endurance by 15%, and flexibility scores by 10% (all p < 0.01). An eight-week aerobic exercise program significantly enhanced cardiovascular health and overall physical fitness in non-sport female university students. These findings highlight the importance of structured aerobic exercise interventions in promoting health and fitness among inactive student populations.